E-Prosiding Persidangan Serantau Manasik Haji 2025 (MANASIK2025)

MANASIK2025 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 7-8 Oktober 2025 609 P3 Male 66 Bachelor’s degree 2 times (1994, 2023) 5 times (2010- 2019) P4 Female 67 Diploma 2 times (1986, 2023) 5 times (1990- 2019) P5 Male 69 Bachelor’s degree 2 times (1986, 2023) 5 times (1990- 2019) Table 3 presents the demographic and religious travel profiles of five Malaysian pilgrims who participated in the study. The table highlights variations in gender, age, education level, and the frequency of Hajj and Umrah experiences . The participants are aged between 65 and 70 years old , indicating that most pilgrims are in the senior age group, which reflects the typical demographic of Malaysians undertaking the pilgrimage. In terms of educational background , the respondents range from primary school level (P2) to diploma holders (P1, P4) and bachelor’s degree holders (P3, P5) . This variation demonstrates that Hajj participation spans across different educational levels, with both moderately and highly educated individuals performing the pilgrimage. Regarding the frequency of Hajj , all participants have performed Hajj twice . The earliest recorded pilgrimage dates back to 1986 (P4, P5), while the most recent ones occurred in 2023 (P1, P3, P4, P5). This indicates that many pilgrims undertake Hajj more than once, often decades apart. For Umrah , the number of trips ranges between five to seven times , with travel occurring mainly between 1990 and 2022 . The higher frequency of Umrah compared to Hajj reflects its lower cost, shorter duration, and greater accessibility, making it a more frequent spiritual journey for Malaysian Muslims. Overall, the data illustrates that Malaysian pilgrims are generally older adults, financially and spiritually prepared , and often repeat both Hajj and Umrah. The findings suggest that repeated pilgrimages are influenced by a combination of religious commitment, financial capacity, and personal devotion . Figure 1: Overview of AI Applications in Malaysian Hajj Management Application Area Description Key Benefits Challenges Digital Religious Guidance (e-Taib) Real-time Q&A platform linking pilgrims with certified guides Accurate ritual observance, reduced anxiety Internet connectivity, user training Crowd Management AI-driven monitoring of congestion and movement patterns Safety enhancement, emergency prevention Integration with Saudi systems, data privacy