E-Prosiding Persidangan Serantau Manasik Haji 2025 (MANASIK2025)

MANASIK2025 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 7-8 Oktober 2025 642 Second, a review of Muzakarah Haji Kebangsaan resolutions revealed that Malaysian pilgrims repeatedly face a set of well-documented challenges, particularly regarding ritual sequencing, compensatory sacrifices ( dam ), health- based dispensations, women’s ritual issues, and modern logistical constraints. These recurrent issues constitute “structured scenarios” that are highly suitable for integration into curated AI corpora. Third, the potential of AI lies in its ability to provide instant, multilingual, and context-aware guidance to pilgrims, especially in urgent situations. However, these benefits are tempered by significant risks. Generative AI systems are prone to hallucinations, jurisdictional confusion, and erosion of scholarly accountability if deployed without safeguards. Fourth, the application of maqāṣid al - sharīʿah -protection of religion, life, intellect, dignity, and wealth- provided an ethical framework for balancing risks and opportunities. Maqāṣid highlight that automation is permissible only when it preserves doctrinal integrity, prevents harm, and enhances human welfare. Finally, the study developed a hybrid conceptual framework in which AI operates as a supportive tool tethered to state fatwa authority. Key features include curated corpora of authenticated fatwa and resolutions, retrieval-augmented generation with mandatory citations, authority tagging to distinguish binding from advisory rulings, escalation protocols to human muftis, and audit trails for institutional accountability. Contribution to Knowledge This research contributes to both Islamic legal studies and AI governance scholarship in several ways. 1. Islamic legal studies: The study extends the discourse on digital fatwa by shifting from descriptive accounts of online repositories to a normative framework for automation. It demonstrates how uṣūl al -fiqh principles and fatwa governance in Malaysia can be operationalized as design constraints for AI systems. 2. AI ethics and governance: By aligning algorithmic safeguards (audit trails, provenance, escalation) with maqāṣid al - sharīʿah , the study advances a cross-disciplinary contribution: a Sharīʿah -grounded model for trustworthy AI in the religious sector. 3. Policy relevance: The study provides a blueprint for Malaysian authorities-such as Tabung Haji, state mufti offices, and JAKIM-to cautiously integrate AI into fatwa delivery without compromising legitimacy or accountability. In sum, the research bridges a gap between doctrinal Islamic jurisprudence, Malaysian legal structures, and contemporary AI governance, offering a conceptual model with both local and global relevance. Recommendations for Practice and Policy Based on the findings, the following recommendations are advanced: 1. Institutional Deployment Only. AI-driven fatwa tools should be restricted to official platforms (e.g., Tabung Haji portals, state mufti websites). This ensures alignment with recognized authorities and prevents unsupervised commercial or private systems from issuing unauthorized rulings. 2. Curated Corpora and Metadata Standards. State mufti departments and JAKIM should collaborate to standardize metadata (jurisdiction, status, date, binding nature) for all fatwa and Muzakarah resolutions, enabling reliable AI retrieval. 3. Audit and Oversight Mechanisms. Institutions must implement audit trails for AI outputs, with regular review committees comprising muftis, fiqh experts, and technologists. This mirrors both Sharīʿah accountability ( ḥisbah ) and AI governance best practices.