E-Prosiding Persidangan Serantau Manasik Haji 2025 (MANASIK2025)

MANASIK2025 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 7-8 Oktober 2025 640 3. Opportunities and Risks of Generative AI 3.1 Opportunities • Timely access: AI tools can provide instant guidance, crucial for pilgrims in urgent situations. • Multilingual support: AI systems can translate rulings into Malay, English, and Arabic, addressing linguistic diversity. • Personalization: By embedding rules of fiqh and contextual metadata, AI can deliver answers specific to Malaysian pilgrims rather than generic rulings. 3.2 Risks • Hallucinated rulings: Generative AI may produce non-existent fatwa, citing fictitious authorities (Ji et al., 2022). • Jurisdictional confusion: Without safeguards, AI may present a ruling from one state as universally binding. • Erosion of scholarly accountability: Overreliance on AI could bypass muftis and diminish trust in human scholars. Finding: While AI offers accessibility benefits, its epistemic risks are significant. Therefore, generative AI cannot function independently but must operate with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) anchored in authenticated corpora and subject to human oversight. 4. Maqāṣid al - Sharīʿah– Based Safeguards The application of maqāṣid al - sharīʿah (objectives of Sharīʿah) provides a framework for aligning AI - driven fatwa with ethical imperatives. • Protection of religion ( dīn ): Preventing misguidance by ensuring rulings are tied to authentic sources. • Protection of life ( nafs ): Offering immediate concessions in cases of illness or danger. • Protection of intellect ( ʿaql ): Avoiding confusion through transparent citations and clear differentiation between binding and advisory rulings. • Protection of dignity ( ʿird ): Safeguarding sensitive issues such as women’s rulings and personal health with confidentiality. • Protection of wealth ( māl ): Preventing unnecessary dam or financial penalties through accurate guidance. Finding: Maqāṣid not only justify the introduction of AI but also set boundaries -automation is ethical only if it preserves core Sharīʿah objectives. 5. Conceptual Framework for AI-Driven Fatwa in Hajj Drawing on the above findings, the study proposes a hybrid, state-aligned conceptual framework . 5.1 Key Features 1. Curated Corpus: AI is trained only on authenticated Malaysian fatwa, Muzakarah Haji resolutions, and Qurʾān– Sunnah evidence.