E-Prosiding Persidangan Serantau Manasik Haji 2025 (MANASIK2025)

MANASIK2025 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 7-8 Oktober 2025 639 Finding: Any AI-driven fatwa system must therefore operate within state authority boundaries , differentiating between: • State-gazetted fatwa (legally binding). • Muzakarah Kebangsaan resolutions (advisory, operational). • General fiqh guidance (scholarly references, non-binding). A simple hierarchy table (Table 1) illustrates this finding. Table 1. Hierarchy of Authoritative Sources for Malaysian Fatwa Level Source Binding Status AI Role 1 State-gazetted fatwa Legally binding Must cite and prioritize 2 Muzakarah Kebangsaan resolutions Advisory, context-specific Provide as guidance, flag non-binding 3 General fiqh texts Scholarly reference Supportive, explanatory only 2. Recurrent Issues in Hajj/ʿUmrah Fatwa A review of TH and Muzakarah resolutions revealed several categories of issues that Malaysian pilgrims face. These issues represent the primary “use cases” where AI -driven assistance may be beneficial. 2.1 Ritual Errors and Compensations ( Dam ) • Pilgrims frequently face sequencing errors (e.g., performing ṭawāf before saʿy in the wrong order). • Questions on dam obligations arise when conditions are violated, such as improper ihram attire or accidental violations of prohibitions. 2.2 Health and Medical Concessions • Resolutions cover dispensations for elderly pilgrims, those with chronic illnesses, and women facing menstruation during rituals. • Health-related rulings also include use of medication that may involve prohibited substances or temporary withdrawal from rituals. 2.3 Women-Specific Issues • Common questions involve menstruation during tawāf, rulings on contraceptive use to delay menses, and concessions for nursing mothers. 2.4 Travel and Logistical Constraints • Modern travel (air-conditioned buses, plane transits) and visa regulations create scenarios not explicitly addressed in classical fiqh. • TH resolutions often contextualize rulings for Malaysian logistical arrangements. Finding: These issues are recurring and well-documented , making them ideal candidates for curated AI corpora . AI systems could provide immediate answers to pilgrims facing urgent questions (e.g., “I started menstruating before ṭawāf, what should I do?”) with direct citations to Muzakarah resolutions.