E-Prosiding Persidangan Serantau Manasik Haji 2025 (MANASIK2025)

MANASIK2025 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 7-8 Oktober 2025 606 AI in Health Monitoring and Crowd Control Although precise quantitative data on AI-driven health monitoring among Malaysian pilgrims remains limited, Thailand’s collaboration with Saudi health authorities through wearable devices has facilitated real-time vital sign monitoring and early detection of crises such as heatstroke or cardiac incidents. Crowd control leverages knowledge from Saudi AI-powered Baseer platform data, with Malaysia reciprocating with real-time coordination efforts, minimizing congestion incidents. 1. Discussion The adaptation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Malaysian Hajj management has yielded noticeable improvements in operational efficiency, pilgrim safety, and spiritual guidance (Shah, 2024; Sirait, 2024). The human-centered design of platforms such as e-Taib, which offers personalized religious responses via certified facilitators, has established a new standard for digital devotional support by blending AI-enabled query management with expert human judgment (Alam & Khan, 2024; Amin et al., 2024; Beheshti et al., 2021). This hybrid model ensures doctrinal authenticity while providing immediate, context-sensitive assistance, differentiating itself markedly from general AI tools like ChatGPT, which lack religious vetting. In terms of safety, AI-powered crowd management solutions largely through collaboration with Saudi initiatives like the Baseer platform have successfully mitigated congestion risks by leveraging real-time analytics and predictive algorithms (Alshahrani, n.d.; Kumar et al., 2025; Paganini et al., 2024). This has helped reduce incidents of overcrowding and facilitated smooth transitions between ritual locations, contributing to pilgrim well-being and peace of mind. Additionally, burgeoning AI integration in health monitoring holds promise to further reduce medical emergencies by enabling early detection and rapid response to health anomalies. Nonetheless, several challenges constrain full AI adoption and effectiveness. Data privacy remains a critical concern, necessitating robust encryption and compliance with Malaysia’s regulatory standards to guard sensitive pilgrim information (Al-Nana et al., 2025; Kahfi et al., 2025; Shah, 2024; Sharma & Behera, 2025). Digital literacy disparities among pilgrims indicate a need for user education and accessible interfaces to ensure equitable benefit (Afif & Musyaffa, 2025; Vij et al., 2024). Economic implications also emerge as AI infrastructure and services increase operational costs, potentially raising financial burdens on pilgrims. Equally important is ensuring that AI applications adhere tightly to Islamic ethical frameworks ( maqasid al-shariah ) to maintain pilgrims’ spiritual objectives and community welfare. Malaysia’s emphasis on AI as an augmentative, rather than substitutive, tool safeguards the primacy of human religious authority and doctrinal integrity. Going forward, continued stakeholder collaboration, robust policy frameworks, and technological refinement will be key to realizing the full potential of AI in enhancing Hajj management, making the pilgrimage safer, more accessible, and spiritually fulfilling for Malaysian pilgrims and potentially for the wider Ummah . Malaysian Pilgrim Statistics 2025 Malaysia was allocated a quota of 31,600 pilgrims for the 2025 Hajj season by the Saudi government (Tabung Haji, 2024). The pilgrimage cost was set at RM33,300 per pilgrim, with financial assistance