E-Prosiding Persidangan Serantau Manasik Haji 2025 (MANASIK2025)

MANASIK2025 Putrajaya, Malaysia, 7-8 Oktober 2025 442 IBADAH HAJI: MANIFESTASI TAUHID DAN WADAH KESATUAN UMMAH HAJJ: THE MANIFESTATION OF TAUHID AND A UNIFYING FRAMEWORK FOR THE UMMAH Muhammad Khatib bin Johari Majlis Islam Sarawak Emel: khatibsharbini@sarawak.gov.my ABSTRAK Dalam konteks transformasi digital yang pesat, kecerdasan buatan atau artificial intelligence (AI) sudah mula diintegrasikan ke dalam pelbagai aspek khidmat haji, termasuklah aspek bimbingan manasik sama ada melalui aplikasi atau chatbot. Namun, penggunaan AI dalam hal-ehwal keagamaan menimbulkan persoalan kritikal: adakah teknologi yang tidak mempunyai aspek roh ini mampu memelihara dimensi ta’abbud dan tauhid yang menjadi jiwa ibadah haji? Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian kepustakaan dan analisis tematik terhadap sumber primer serta sumber sekunder bagi meneliti hubungan antara prinsip tauhid sebagai asas epistemologi ibadah haji dengan cabaran reduksi rohani akibat penggunaan AI yang tidak berpandukan kerangka etika Islam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa, walaupun AI boleh berfungsi sebagai alat sokongan dalam menyampaikan maklumat manasik, ia tidak mampu menggantikan peranan ulama dalam membimbing jemaah ke arah maqasid tauhid , kerana pengalaman haji yang asli hanya boleh lahir daripada penyaksian batin, hubungan guru-murid dan sanad ilmu iaitu elemen yang mustahil dapat diprogramkan dalam algoritma. Justeru, kertas kerja ini mencadangkan bahawa sebarang integrasi AI dalam bimbingan haji mesti berpandukan prinsip pemeliharaan akidah dan akhlak, serta terus dikawal selia oleh autoriti agama agar teknologi tidak akan menggantikan, tetapi memperkukuh budaya kehambaan yang menjadi intipati ibadah haji. Kata kunci: haji, kecerdasan buatan (AI), tauhid, penyatuan ummah In the context of rapid digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to be integrated into various aspects of hajj services, including the provision of manasik guidance either through mobile applications or chatbots. Yet this deployment of AI in religious matters raises a critical question: can a technology devoid of spiritual consciousness truly uphold the dimensions of ta’abbud (devotional worship) and tauhid (the oneness of God) - the very soul of the hajj pilgrimage? This paper adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on a literature review and thematic analysis of both primary and secondary sources to examine the relationship between the principle of tauhid - as the epistemological foundation of hajj - and the spiritual reductionism that may arise when AI is employed without an Islamic ethical framework. The findings indicate that while AI can serve as a useful tool in disseminating manasik information, it cannot replace the role of religious scholars (ulama) in guiding pilgrims toward th e higher objectives (maqaṣid) of tauhid. The authentic hajj experience arises only from inner spiritual witnessing (shuhud), the teacher – student relationship and the authenticated chain of knowledge transmission (sanad) - elements that cannot be encoded into algorithms. Therefore, this paper proposes that any integration of AI into hajj guidance must be firmly grounded in the preservation of creed (aqidah) and moral character (akhlaq) and remain under the continuous oversight of recognised religious authorities. The aim should not be for technology to supplant human spiritual guidance, but rather to strengthen the culture of servitude to God - ubudiyyah - which lies as the essence of the hajj. Keywords: hajj, artificial intelligence (AI), tauhid, unity of the ummah