OFFSTONE JAN EDITION 2025

iii OFFSTONE BULLETIN EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor Dr. Siti Suriani Othman Managing Editor Dr. Eizan Azira Mat Sharif Bahasa Melayu Editor Dr. Rosninawati Hussin Dr. Kartini Kamaruzzaman Muhammad Zaki Mustafa English Editor Associate Professor Dr. Osama Kanaker Dr. Rosidayu Sabran Dr. Safiyyah Ahmad Sabri Dr. Ihab Ahmed Awais Dr. Sofia Hayati Yusoff Arabic Editor Dr. Ihab Ahmed Awais Designer Al Imran Azmi