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The New Religious Movements focus on the faith, belief, and ritual practices, which could substitute the traditional faiths, classical beliefs, and old religions as learned in the books and classes of How Does the New Age and New Religious Movements Work? Examples of the New Age Movements are the theosophy and Scientology groups. Both examples are found to advocate new concepts of spirituality, modern practices of mind-body control, and unique philosophies and purposes of life. Same like the new religious movements, both examples also show a combination of many traditional religious teachings and classical spiritual practices. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the New Age Movement is “an eclectic group of cultural attitudes arising in late 20th century Western society that are adapted from those of a variety of ancient and modern cultures, that emphasize beliefs (such as reincarnation, holism, pantheism, and occultism) outside the mainstream, and that advance alternative approaches to spirituality, right living, and health.” These New Age movements constitute together an expression of the personalization of religion that has characterized modern Western spirituality in facing secularization and the wake of an increasing decline of institutional religious influence in society. MA JA L AH A L - H I KMAH 48